What treaty eliminated medium-range nuclear missiles, including U.S. Air Force ground-launched cruise missiles?

The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty is the correct answer as it specifically addressed the elimination of medium-range nuclear missiles, including ground-launched cruise missiles deployed by the U.S. Air Force and other military branches. Signed in 1987 between the United States and the Soviet Union, this treaty aimed to reduce the number of such missiles, which were seen as a significant threat during the Cold War due to their ability to strike targets at ranges between 500 and 5,500 kilometers. The treaty not only called for the destruction of all existing missiles within this range but also established a verification regime to ensure compliance.

The other treaties mentioned do have their own distinct purposes: the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty focused on limiting missile defense systems, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty aimed to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and promote peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty concentrated on reducing strategic offensive weapons rather than the specific class of medium-range missiles addressed by the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. Thus, the focus and intent of the selected treaty directly match the question about the elimination of medium-range nuclear missiles.